| EU member states | National competent authority | Payment institution authorisation (PSD2) | Initial capital of €20,000 for money remittance only; ongoing own funds calculated by the method chosen by the regulator, with a reduced scaling factor for remittance; optional national small-institution exemption for up to €3 million in average monthly volume |
| United Kingdom | FCA | Authorised or small payment institution (PSRs 2017) | €20,000 initial capital for an authorised institution offering money remittance; small payment institution registration for an average monthly volume of up to €3 million, with no fixed minimum capital; new safeguarding rules (CASS 15) since 7 May 2026 for authorised institutions |
| Canada (federal) | FINTRAC | MSB registration — not a licence | Registration required before starting operations, including for foreign MSBs serving clients in Canada; expires unless renewed every 2 years; compliance programme with an effectiveness review at least every 2 years; agent eligibility and criminal record checks since 1 October 2025 |
| USA (federal) | FinCEN | MSB registration (Form 107) — not a licence | Filed within 180 days of establishment; renewed every 2 years; re-registration on change of control; list of agents kept; AML programme |
| USA (states) | State regulators, via NMLS | Money transmitter licence | Licensed state by state; the Money Transmission Modernization Act has been adopted in full or in part by 31 states; net worth and surety bond under state law |
| Hong Kong | Customs and Excise Department | Money Service Operator (MSO) licence | Covers remittance and money changing; fit-and-proper test including owners above 25%, competence assessment and interview; licence term 2 years; no minimum capital requirement |
| UAE (mainland) | CBUAE | Retail payment services licence, Category I or II | Cross-border transfers are permitted in Categories I and II; initial capital AED 1.5m / 3m (Cat. I) or AED 1m / 2m (Cat. II), depending on whether average monthly volume is below or above AED 10m |
| UAE (mainland) | CBUAE | Exchange house licence, Category A, B or C | Paid-up capital AED 2m, 5m or 10m (AED 50m for an LLC); bank guarantee of at least the greater of 100% of minimum capital and 5% of average monthly transfers, capped at AED 75m |
| Kazakhstan | National Bank of Kazakhstan (NBK) | Registration of a payment organisation | Entry in the NBK register via the e-government portal; services include accepting cash for payments without a bank account and processing client-initiated payments; operates under an agreement with a bank or a transfer organisation; capital confirmed at assessment |
| AIFC (Astana) | AFSA | Authorisation: Providing Money Services | Covers money transmission, currency exchange, payment instruments and stored value; separate from the Kazakhstan national regime; capital under AIFC prudential rules, confirmed with AFSA |